User menu
NOTE: In accordance to Article IX (5) of the IOTC Agreement, Australia has objected on 27/09/2016 to IOTC Resolution 16/02 adopted at the Twentieth Session of the IOTC (La Réunion, France, 23-27 May 2016). According to the Article IX of the Agreement, and given the objection by Australia, an extension period of 60 days (until November 26 2016) now applies before the IOTC Resolutions 16/02 comes into force, unless one-third of the members also object.
(Objection received [Australia]: not binding on Australia)
The Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC),
NOTING Article V, paragraph 2(c), of the IOTC Agreement is to adopt, in accordance with Article IX and on the basis of scientific evidence, Conservation and Management Measures to ensure the conservation of the stocks covered by the Agreement;
BEING MINDFUL of Article XVI of the IOTC Agreement regarding the rights of Coastal States, Article 87 and 116 of the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea regarding the right to fish on the high seas and of Article 24 of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea of December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA) regarding recognition of the special requirements of developing states;
RECOGNISING Resolution 12/01 On the implementation of the precautionary approach calls on the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission to implement and apply the precautionary approach, in accordance Article 6 of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea of December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA);
RECOGNISING the ongoing discussions on allocation and the need to avoid prejudicing future decision of the Commission;
FURTHER CONSIDERING the call by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/75 upon the states to increase the reliance on scientific advice in developing, adopting and implementing conservation and management measures and to take into account the special requirements of developing states, including Small Island developing States as highlighted in the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway;
CONSIDERING the recommendations adopted by the KOBE II, held in San Sebastian, Spain, June 23 – July 3 2009; implementing where appropriate a freeze on fishing capacity on a fishery by fishery basis and such a freeze should not constrain the access to, development of, and benefit from sustainable tuna fisheries by developing coastal States;
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the need to have due regard for the interests of all Members concerned, in conformity with the rights and obligations of those Members under international law and in particular, to the rights and obligations for developing countries;
RECALLING Article 6, paragraph 3(b) of UNFSA that calls on States to implement the precautionary approach using the best scientific information available, using stock-specific reference points and outlining the action to be taken if they are exceeded;
FURTHER RECALLING that Article 7.5.3 of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries also recommends the implementation of stock specific target and limit reference points, inter alia, on the basis of the precautionary approach;
ACKNOWLEDGING that implementing pre-agreed harvest strategies including harvest control rules is considered a critical component of modern fisheries management and international best practices for fisheries management;
FURTHER NOTING that a harvest control rule encompasses a set of well‐defined, pre‐agreed rules or actions used for determining a management action in response to changes in indicators of stock status with respect to reference points;
NOTING that the Scientific Committee at its 17th Session, recommended the Commission consider an alternative approach to identify biomass limit reference points, such as those based on biomass depletion levels, when the MSY-based reference points are difficult to estimate. In cases where MSY-based reference points can be robustly estimated, limit reference points may be based around MSY;
FURTHER NOTING that the Scientific Committee also recommended that in cases where MSY-based reference points cannot be robustly estimated, biomass limit reference points be set at 20% of unfished levels (BLIM = 0.2B0);
ACKNOWLEDGING that the IOTC Scientific Committee has initiated a Commission requested process leading to a management strategy evaluation (MSE) process to improve upon the provision of scientific advice on HCRs;
RECALLING obligations and agreements under Resolutions 12/02[1], 15/01[2], 15/02[3], and 15/10[4];
ADOPTS in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article IX of the IOTC Agreement, that:
To maintain the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Skipjack tuna stock in perpetuity, at levels not less than those capable of producing maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors including the special requirements of Developing Coastal States and Small Island Developing States in the IOTC area of competence and considering the general objectives identified in Resolution 15/10 (or any subsequent revision).
To use a pre-agreed harvest control rule (HCR) to maintain the Skipjack tuna stock at, or above, the target reference point (TRP) and well above the limit reference point (LRP), specified in Resolution 15/10 (or any subsequent revision).
Consistent with paragraph 2 of Resolution 15/10, the biomass limit reference point, Blim, shall be 20% of unfished spawning biomass[5] (i.e. 0.2B0).
Consistent with paragraph 3 of Resolution 15/10, the biomass target reference point, Btarg, shall be 40% of unfished spawning biomass (i.e. 0.4B0).
The HCR described in paragraphs 6–12 seeks to maintain the Skipjack tuna stock biomass at, or above, the target reference point while avoiding the limit reference point.
The Skipjack tuna stock assessment shall be conducted every three (3) years, with the next stock assessment to occur in 2017. Estimates of 7(a–c) shall be taken from a model-based stock assessment that has been reviewed by the Working Party on Tropical Tunas and endorsed by the Scientific Committee via its advice to the Commission.
The Skipjack tuna HCR shall recommend a total annual catch limit using the following three (3) values estimated from each Skipjack stock assessment. For each value, the reported median from the reference case adopted by the Scientific Committee for advising the Commission shall be used.
a) The estimate of current spawning stock biomass (Bcurr);
b) The estimate of the unfished spawning stock biomass (B0);
c) The estimate of the equilibrium exploitation rate (Etarg) associated with sustaining the stock at Btarg.
The HCR shall have five control parameters set as follows:
a) Threshold level, the percentage of B0 below which reductions in fishing mortality are required, Bthresh = 40%B0. If biomass is estimated to be below the threshold level, then fishing mortality reductions, as output by the HCR, will occur.
b) Maximum fishing intensity, the percentage of Etarg that will be applied when the stock status is at, or above, the threshold level Imax = 100%. When the stock is at or above the threshold level, then fishing intensity (I) = Imax
c) Safety level, the percentage of B0 below which non-subsistence catches are set to zero i.e. the non-subsistence fishery is closed Bsaftey= 10%B0.
d) Maximum catch limit (Cmax), the maximum recommended catch limit = 900,000t. To avoid adverse effects of potentially inaccurate stock assessments, the HCR shall not recommend a catch limit greater than Cmax. This value is based upon the estimated upper limit of the MSY range in the 2014 Skipjack stock assessment.
e) Maximum change in catch limit (Dmax), the maximum percentage change in the catch limit = 30%. To enhance the stability of management measures the HCR shall not recommend a catch limit that is 30% higher, or 30% lower, than the previous recommended catch limit.
The recommended total annual catch limit shall be set as follows:
a) If the current spawning biomass (Bcurr) is estimated to be at or above the threshold spawning biomass i.e., Bcurr >= 0.4B0, then the catch limit shall be set at [Imax x Etarg x Bcurr ]
b) If the current spawning biomass (Bcurr) is estimated to be below the threshold biomass i.e, Bcurr < 0.4B0, but greater than the safety level i.e., Bcurr > 0.1B0, then the catch limit shall be set at [I x Etarg x Bcurr]. See Table 1 in Appendix 1 for values of fishing intensity (I) for specific Bcurr/B0.
c) If the spawning biomass is estimated to be at, or below, the safety level, i.e. Bcurr <= 0.1B0 then the catch limit shall be at 0 for all fisheries other than subsistence fisheries.
d) In the case of (a) or (b), the recommended catch limit shall not exceed the maximum catch limit (Cmax) and shall not increase by more than 30% or decrease by more than 30% from the previous catch limit.
e) In the case of (c) the recommended catch limit shall always be 0 regardless of the previous catch limit.
The HCR described in 8(a-e) produces a relationship between stock status (spawning biomass relative to unfished levels) and fishing intensity (exploitation rate relative to target exploitation rate) as shown below (See Table 1 in Appendix 1 for specific values):
The catch limit shall by default, be implemented in accordance with the allocation scheme agreed for Skipjack tuna by the Commission. In the absence of an allocation scheme, the HCR shall be applied as follows:
a) If the stock is at or above the Threshold level (i.e., Bcurr >= 0.4B0), then the HCR shall establish an overall catch limit.
b) If the stock falls below the Threshold level (i.e., Bcurr < 0.4B0), the fishing mortality reductions shall be implemented proportionally by CPCs for catches over 1 percent of the catch limit established by the HCR with due consideration to the aspirations and special requirements of Developing Coastal States and Small Island Developing States.
c) This paragraph shall not pre-empt or prejudice future allocation negotiations.
The HCR, including the control parameters, will be reviewed through further Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE), but no later than 2021 (i.e. five years from its implementation). Subject to the result of that review the current HCR may be refined or replaced with an alternative HCR.
In the case that the estimated spawning biomass falls below the limit reference point, the HCR will be reviewed, and consideration given to replacing it with an alternative HCR specifically designed to meet a rebuilding plan as advised by the Commission.
The recommended total annual catch produced by the HCR will be applied continuously as set forth in paragraph 11 above, except in case of exceptional circumstances, such as caused by severe environmental perturbations. In such circumstances, the Scientific Committee shall advise on appropriate measures.
The IOTC Scientific Committee shall:
a) Include the LRP and TRP as part of any analysis when undertaking all future assessments of the status of the IOTC Skipjack tuna stock.
b) Undertake and report to the Commission a model-based Skipjack tuna stock assessment every three (3) years, commencing with the next stock assessment in 2017.
c) Undertake a programme of work to further refine Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) for the IOTC Skipjack tuna fishery as required in paragraph 12 including, but not limited to,
i. Refinement of operating model(s)/ used,
ii. Alternative management procedures,
iii. Refining performance statistics.
The Commission shall review this measure at its annual session in 2019, or before if there is reason and/or evidence to suggest that the Skipjack tuna stock is at risk of breaching the LRP.
[1]: 12/02: Data Confidentiality, policy and procedures
[2]: 15/01: On the recording of catch and effort data by fishing vessels in the IOTC Area of competence
[3]: 15/02: Mandatory statistical reporting requirements for IOTC Contracting Parties and Cooperating Non- Contracting Parties (CPCs)
[4]: 15/10: On Target and Limit Reference Points and a decision framework
[5]: The symbol B is used to refer to spawning biomass, the total mass of mature fish, i.e. B0, Blim, Btarg and Bcurr all refer to different levels of spawning biomass.
[6]: A subsistence fishery is a fishery where the fish caught are consumed directly by the families of the fishers rather than being bought by middle-(wo)men and sold at the next larger market, per the FAO Guidelines for the routine collection of capture fishery data. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 382. Rome, FAO. 1999. 113p.
